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What are Comets and Asteroids?

Do Comets Become Asteroids?

narrated comet slideshow:
Comets Through Time
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QuickTime/WinMedia videos:
Killer Comets and Ominous Asteroids
(slow-loading 19MB file)
The Asteroid Paradox
(slow-loading 18MB file)
Comet/Asteroid Investigation
Jet Propulsion Laboratory efforts to
detect and track asteroids and comets.

Large Impact Simulation
(requires Macromedia Flash)

What are meteors and meteorites?

What is a meteoroid?

What is a bolide?

What is a megaton TNT?

Meteorite Impacts

Frequently Asked Questions

The Threat to Earth
from Asteroids and Comets


Sizing Up the Asteroid Threat

Asteroid and Comet Impact Hazards

Earth Impact by an Asteroid

Megatsunami, also known as Iminami,
caused by impact


The Torino Scale (revised 2005)

Near-Earth Asteroids (NEA)

Near-Earth Object (NEO) Threat

NEO Information Centre

Asteroid information from SEDS

Asteroids or Volcanoes?

Noah's Flood?

Did a Comet Cause the Great Flood?
10 May 2807BC

Bible Predictions

Gamma-Ray Burst?

Asteroids: Deadly Impact

Impact Simulation

interactive web site:
Earth Impact Effects

Cretaceous Extinction

Dinosaurs Died Within Hours

Chicxulub impact crater

Permian Extinction
Evidence for a Large Impact

Proposed Companion Star to the Sun
Cause of Mass Extinctions on Earth?

Tagish Lake Meteor/Fireball:
UWO siteNASA site

Tunguska Event

South American impacts
Rio Curacá, Brasil (1930)
Rupununi, Guyana (1935)


Meteor Crater, Arizona

Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater

Terrestrial Impact Craters

Crater Chains

Earth Impact Database

Meteor Crater Map
fifty of Earth's most obvious
meteor impact craters

more than 160 impacts
identified since 1960

Observed Meteor Impacts

Types of Asteroids:
ApoheleApollo
AmorAten
CentaurCubewano
DamocloidPlutino
TrojanVulcanoid

What is the Yarkovsky Effect?

What is the YORP Effect?

Main-Belt Asteroids
between Mars and Jupiter

Kuiper Belt: comets & asteroids

Oort Cloud of comets

Comet images from the
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
(SOHO) spacecraft.

Small Comets Bring Water to Earth
Frank-Sigwarth Theory

Asteroid images from NASA

Images from Space.com :
AsteroidsImpact CratersComets

Surviving a Comet or Asteroid Impact

Current Impact Risk
combined total impact probability
for all listed objects over the next
hundred years: one in 79


Dealing with the Impact Hazard

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)

Comet/Asteroid Archive

Recommended Reading and
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• June 2009
The 670-meter asteroid 2009 MB9 was discovered on 29 June by the Siding Spring Survey. Eventual impact probability is about one in 8.3 million with an impact energy of 11,000 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 MU was discovered on 19 June by the Catalina Sky Survey five days before it passed within 552,000 miles (889,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in four million with an impact energy of 3.6 megatons TNT.

• May 2009
The small asteroid 2009 JL2 was discovered on 12 May by the Catalina Sky Survey one day before it passed within 165,000 miles (265,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 116,000 with an impact energy of 470,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 JF1 was discovered on 4 May by the Mount Lemmon Survey one day before it passed within 182,000 miles (293,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 3,000 with an impact energy of 230,000 tons TNT.

• April 2009
The small asteroid 2009 HW67 was discovered on 27 April by the Mount Lemmon Survey three days after it had passed within 252,000 miles (405,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 830,000 with an impact energy of 880,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 HC was discovered on 17 April by Spacewatch twelve days after it had passed within 1.2 million miles (1.9 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 830,000 with an impact energy of 1.2 megatons TNT.

• March 2009
The small asteroid 2009 FP32 was discovered on 29 March by the Mount Lemmon Survey two days before it passed 27,500 miles (44,300 km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 130,000 with an impact energy of 50,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 FZ4 was discovered on 19 March by the Mount Lemmon Survey sixteen days before it passed within 3.3 million miles (5.2 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 420,000 with an impact energy of one megaton TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 FJ was discovered on 17 March by the Catalina Sky Survey one day after it had passed within 1.2 million miles (1.9 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 22,000 with an impact energy of 1.6 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 FG was discovered on 16 March by the Mount Lemmon Survey ten days after it had passed within 2.1 million miles (3.4 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 200,000 with an impact energy of 650,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 EJ1 was discovered on 3 March by Spacewatch four days after it had passed 38,000 miles (62,000 km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 170 million with an impact energy of 16,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 EW was discovered on 2 March by the Catalina Sky Survey four days before it passed within 211,000 miles (340,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 59,000 with an impact energy of 300,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 DD45 was discovered on 1 March by the Siding Spring Survey one day before it passed within 45,000 miles (72,000 km) of Earth.

• February 2009
The small asteroid 2009 DD45 was discovered on 27 February by the Siding Spring Survey three daes before it passed within 45,000 miles (72,000 km) of Earth.

The "Green Goddess" Comet Lulin made its closest approach to Earth on 24 February, at a distance of 38 million miles (61 million km). — full story

A daytime fireball was observed over Austin (Texas) on 15 February, where a news crew obtained a video [slow-loading 11MB ASF file].

A bright fireball was observed over Rieti (Italy) on 13 February, where astronomer Diego Valeri obtained a video [1.7MB Microsoft AVI file] of the event. On the same day in Kentucky (USA) a number of witnesses reported fireball sightings and loud sonic booms. — full story

The small asteroid 2009 CC2 was discovered on 4 February by the Catalina Sky Survey two days after it had passed within 117,000 miles (188,000 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2009 CZ1 was discovered on 3 February by the Mount Lemmon Survey two weeks before it passed within 4.5 million miles (7.2 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 910,000 with an impact energy of 6.2 megatons TNT.

• January 2009
The small asteroid 2009 BF58 was discovered on 28 January by the Catalina Sky Survey six days after it had passed 570,000 miles (918,000 km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 2800 with an impact energy of 42,000 tons TNT.

The 130-meter asteroid 2009 BR5 was discovered on 20 January by Spacewatch. Eventual impact probability is about one in 310,000 with an impact energy of 160 megatons TNT.

A bright blue-white fireball over Scandinavia was observed by numerous witnesses on 17 January, among whom Roger Svensson in Sweden obtained this video [890KB Macromedia Flash] of the event. — full story

The small asteroid 2009 BE was discovered on 16 January by the Mount Lemmon Survey. Eventual impact probability is about one in 1600 with an impact energy of 340,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2009 BD was discovered on 16 January by the Mount Lemmon Survey nine days before it passed 426,000 miles (687,000 km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 1850 with an impact energy of 7700 tons TNT.

The 50-meter asteroid 2008 YF29 was discovered on 30 December by the Catalina Sky Survey twelve days before it passed within 2.3 million miles (3.8 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 130,000 with an impact energy of 4.6 megatons TNT.

The 330-meter asteroid 2008 YJ3 was discovered on 22 December by Spacewatch. Eventual impact probability is about one in 3.7 million with an impact energy of 2,700 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 YC3 was discovered on 22 December by the Catalina Sky Survey two days before it passed within 2.5 million miles (4 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 33,000 with an impact energy of 590,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 YO2 was discovered on 21 December by the Mount Lemmon Survey four days before it passed within 3.6 million miles (5.8 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 150,000 with an impact energy of 1.9 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 YN2 was discovered on 21 December by the Mount Lemmon Survey seven days after it had passed within 1.8 million miles (2.9 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 8 billion with an impact energy of 190,000 tons TNT.

An extremely bright, exploding fireball was observed and photographed by numerous witnesses near Colorado Springs, Colorado on 6 December. — full story

The small asteroid 2008 XU2 was discovered on 6 December by the Mount Lemmon Survey six days after it had passed within 510,000 miles (820,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 11 million with an impact energy of 670,000 tons TNT.

The 65-meter asteroid 2008 XC1 was discovered on 3 December by the Catalina Sky Survey nine days before it passed within 990,000 miles (1.6 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 2.8 million with an impact energy of 11 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 XK was discovered on 2 December by the Mount Lemmon Survey four days before it passed within 412,000 miles (660,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 1.1 million with an impact energy of 60,000 tons TNT.

• November 2008
The 100-meter asteroid 2008 WK96 was discovered on 30 November by the Catalina Sky Survey seven days after it had passed 3.6 million miles (5.8 million km) from Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 WY94 was discovered on 29 November by the Siding Spring Survey six days before it passed within 760,000 miles (1.2 million km) of Earth.

A fireball over Edmonton, Alberta on 20 November was observed by numerous witnesses who obtained videos of the spectacular event. — full story

The small asteroid 2008 WO2 was discovered on 20 November by the Mount Lemmon Survey four days after it had passed 250,000 miles (400,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 17,000 with an impact energy of 1,400 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 VB4 was discovered on 6 November by the Mount Lemmon Survey two days after it had passed within 320,000 miles (520,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 3.2 million with an impact energy of 19,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 VM was discovered on 3 November by the Catalina Sky Survey at which time it was about 28,000 miles (46,000 km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 42,000 with an impact energy of 1,100 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 VL was discovered on 2 November by the Mount Lemmon Survey four days after it had passed within 60,000 miles (97,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 90,000 with an impact energy of 21,000 tons TNT.

• October 2008
The small asteroid 2008 UW99 was discovered on 31 October by the Siding Spring Survey three days after it had passed within 820,000 miles (1.3 million km) of Earth.

The 400-meter asteroid 2008 UV99 was discovered on 31 October by the Siding Spring Survey. Eventual impact probability is about one in 9 million with an impact energy of 3,900 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 UA202 was discovered on 29 October by the Mount Lemmon Survey eleven days after it had passed within 210,000 miles (330,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 11,000 with an impact energy of 1700 tons TNT.

The 60-meter asteroid 2008 UB7 was discovered on 26 October by LINEAR seven days before it passed 3.9 million miles (6.3 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 20,000 with an impact energy of 16 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 UM1 was discovered on 22 October by the Mount Lemmon Survey at which time it was within 44,400 miles (71,400 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 US was discovered on 21 October by the Mount Lemmon Survey one day after it had passed within 20,500 miles (33,000 km) of Earth.

The 56-meter asteroid 2008 TT26 was discovered on 9 October by LINEAR fourteen days before it passed within 850,000 miles (1.36 million km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 TS26 was discovered on 9 October by the Mount Lemmon Survey at which time it was within 8,500 miles (14,000 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 TS10 was discovered on 8 October by the Mount Lemmon Survey nine days after it had passed within 990,000 miles (1.6 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 48,000 with an impact energy of 5,200 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 TN9 was discovered on 8 October by the Mount Lemmon Survey five days after it had passed about 150,000 miles (250,000 km) from Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 TC3 was discovered on 6 October by the Mount Lemmon Survey twenty hours before atmospheric impact over Africa. — full story (with discovery incorrectly attributed)

The small asteroid 2008 TE was discovered on 1 October by the Mount Lemmon Survey six days after it had passed within 710,000 miles (1.14 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 31,000 with an impact energy of 41,000 tons TNT.

• September 2008
The Association of Space Explorers has released a Call For Global Response [676KB PDF] by the United Nations to the NEO impact hazard. It contins a three-part Proposed Program for Action, the first part being Information Gathering, Analysis, and Warning, which is the focus of our own organisation. — full story

The small asteroid 2008 SH148 was discovered on 29 September by the Mount Lemmon Survey five days before it passed within 1.35 million miles (2.2 million km) of Earth.

The 53-meter asteroid 2008 ST7 was discovered on 24 September by the Mount Lemmon Survey seventeen days after it had passed within 550,000 miles (880,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 37,000 with an impact energy of 5.5 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 ST1 was discovered on 22 September by LINEAR two days after it had passed within 360,000 miles (580,000 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 ST was discovered on 22 September by the Mount Lemmon Survey six days before it passed within 950,000 miles (1.5 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 23,000 with an impact energy of 49,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 SA was discovered on 20 September by the Catalina Sky Survey three days before it passed within 570,000 miles (920,000 km) of Earth.

Marshall Space Flight Center observed a significant outburst of bright meteors on 9 September, obtaining a video [17MB QuickTime] of the event. — full story

The 98-meter asteroid 2008 RW24 was discovered on 6 September by the Catalina Sky Survey seventeen days before it passed within 1.22 million miles (1.96 million km) of Earth.

• August 2008
The 76-meter asteroid 2008 PK9 was discovered on 8 August by the Siding Spring Survey three days before it passed 2.6 million miles (4.2 million km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 12 million with an impact energy of 73 megatons TNT.

The 209-meter asteroid 2008 PG1 was discovered on 3 August by LINEAR. Eventual impact probability is about one in nine million with an impact energy of 270 megatons TNT.

The 129-meter asteroid 2008 PF1 was discovered on 3 August by LINEAR twelve days before it passed within 4 million miles (6.4 million km) of Earth.

• July 2008
Geological evidence found in Ohio and Indiana has strengthened the case to attribute what happened 12,900 years ago in North America -- when the end of the last Ice Age unexpectedly turned into a phase of extinction for animals and humans – to a cataclysmic comet or asteroid explosion in Canada. — full story (follow-up to "Extraterrestrial Impact Likely Source of Sudden Ice Age Extinctions" September 2007)

The small asteroid 2008 OT7 was discovered on 30 July by the Siding Spring Survey one day after it had passed within 109,000 miles (175,000 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 OO8 was discovered on 30 July by the Mount Lemmon Survey seven days after it had passed within 550,000 miles (883,000 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 OY2 was discovered on 28 July by the Siding Spring Survey one day after it had passed about 700,000 miles (1.1 million km) of Earth.

• June 2008
Planetary scientists at the University of California (Santa Cruz), Queen Mary University (London), and the California Institute of Technology have discovered evidence that a large asteroid impact could be the cause of some unusual features of Mars. This theory is supported by additional evidence from researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. — UCSC news release — CalTech news release — Nature journal article

The small asteroid 2008 LG2 was discovered on 3 June by LINEAR ten days before it passed within 2.2 million miles (3.5 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 160,000 with an impact energy of 650,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 LD was discovered on 2 June by the Mount Lemmon Survey one day after it had passed within 270,000 miles (436,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 24,000 with an impact energy of 4,300 tons TNT.

The 76-meter asteroid 2008 LA was discovered on 1 June by Spacewatch one month before it passed within 3.9 million miles (6.3 million km) of Earth.

• May 2008
The first Asteroid Deflection Research Center has been established at Iowa State University, bringing researchers from around the world to develop asteroid-deflection technologies. — full story

NASA has observed more than a hundred lunar impacts in thirty months. — full story

The 76-meter asteroid 2008 KN11 was discovered on 30 May by the Mount Lemmon Survey three weeks before it passed within 2.1 million miles (3.4 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is one in 3.2 million with an impact energy of 22 megatons TNT.

The 45-meter asteroid 2008 KO was discovered on 27 May by the Mount Lemmon Survey five days before it passed within 183,000 miles (294,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 455,000 with an impact energy of 16 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 JL24 was discovered on 11 May by LINEAR one day after it had passed within 107,000 miles (172,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 1.7 million with an impact energy of 1,700 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 JL3 was discovered on 5 May by LINEAR five days after it had passed 1.2 million miles (2 million km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 8300 with an impact energy of 810,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 JQ was discovered on 2 May by LINEAR three days after it had passed within 1.7 million miles (2.7 million km) of Earth.

• April 2008
The small asteroid 2008 HC38 was discovered at 0709 UT on 30 April by LINEAR two days after it had passed within 520,000 miles (840,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 21 million with an impact energy of 440,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 HU4 was discovered on 30 April by the Catalina Sky Survey three days after it had passed within 590,000 miles (946,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 17,000 with an impact energy of 9,500 tons TNT.

The 295-meter asteroid 2008 HL was discovered on 25 April by the Mount Lemmon Survey. Eventual impact probability is about one in 213 million with an impact energy of 2,200 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 HJ was discovered on 24 April by LINEAR five days before it passed within 670,000 miles (1.1 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 8,300 with an impact energy of 570,000 tons TNT.

The 148-meter asteroid 2008 GW20 was discovered on 11 April by the Catalina Sky Survey seven days after it had passed 1.4 million miles from Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 GM2 was discovered on 6 April by the Catalina Sky Survey three days after it had passed within 129,000 miles of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 59,000 with an impact energy of 8,900 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 GF1 was discovered on 5 April by the Mount Lemmon Survey two days before it passed within 183,000 miles (294,000 km) of Earth.

• March 2008
Researchers at Bristol University have translated an ancient clay tablet which they say records a fireball and impact on 29 June 3123BC. — full story

Scientists from the University of Aberdeen and the University of Oxford have found evidence of the biggest meteorite ever to hit the British Isles. — full story

Former astronaut Rusty Schweickart discusses asteroid deflection in The Wall Street Journal, saying "You are looking at the world's expert in deflecting asteroids, and that is just inexcusable." — full story

Astronomers at The University of Western Ontario have captured a rare video of a large fireball with an all-sky camera, launching a search for meteorites in the area of Parry Sound. — full story

Peter Schultz (Brown University) presented the results of his on-site investigations of the Peruvian meteorite at the 39th annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in League City, Texas. — full story

Arthur Hickman, a geologist with the Geological Survey of Western Australia, has discovered a 260-meter wide impact crater in the Pilbara region of northwest Australia. — full story

The 81-meter asteroid 2008 FF5 was discovered on 28 March by the Mount Lemmon Survey five days after it had passed within 7.1 million miles (11.4 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 2.8 million with an impact energy of 140 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 FP was discovered on 28 March by the Mount Lemmon Survey one day before it passed within 114,000 miles (183,000 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 FK was discovered on 27 March by Spacewatch four days after it had passed within 203,000 miles (326,000 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 EZ84 was discovered on 12 March by the Catalina Sky Survey three days after it passed within 535,000 miles (861,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 34,000 with an impact energy of 240,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 EV84 was discovered on 11 March by LINEAR. Eventual impact probability is about one in 1.1 million with an impact energy of 1.1 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 EF32 was discovered on 11 March by the Mount Lemmon Survey one day after it passed within 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 14 million with an impact energy of 4,600 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 EM68 was discovered on 8 March by the Mount Lemmon Survey two days before it passed within 127,000 miles (204,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 59,000 with an impact energy of 52,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 EZ7 was discovered on 7 March by the Siding Spring Survey two days before it passed within 100,000 miles (160,000 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 EA9 was discovered on 6 March by the Mount Lemmon Survey three days after it passed within 386,000 miles (621,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 40,000 with an impact energy of 18,000 tons TNT.

The 320-meter asteroid 2008 ER7 was discovered on 6 March by Spacewatch. Eventual impact probability is about one in one million with an impact energy of 2,700 megatons TNT.

The 59-meter asteroid 2008 EX5 was discovered on 4 March by the Mount Lemmon Survey twenty days after it passed within 5.2 million miles (8.4 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 167,000 with an impact energy of 7.3 megatons TNT.

• February 2008
The 56-meter asteroid 2008 DA4 was discovered on 27 February by the Catalina Sky Survey twelve days after it passed 2.2 million miles (3.6 million km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 1.7 million with an impact energy of 6.9 megatons TNT.

Dozens of witnesses observed a large fireball on 21 February that exploded over southeastern Washington. — full story

A total eclipse of the Moon was visible across most of the Americas on Wednesday 20 February at about 10PM Eastern (7PM Pacific). — full story

The small asteroid 2008 DB was discovered on 18 February by the Catalina Sky Survey six days after it passed within 967,000 miles (1.6 million km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 18,000 with an impact energy of 420,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 CC71 was discovered on 9 February by the Mount Lemmon Survey thirteen days before it passed 3.3 million miles (5.4 million km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 10,000 with an impact energy of 1.4 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 CK70 was discovered on 9 February by LINEAR, six days before passing 230 million miles (371 million km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 3,500 with an impact energy of 1.7 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 CF22 was discovered on 9 February by the Catalina Sky Survey one day before it passed within 345,000 miles (555,000 km) of Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 CB6 was discovered on 7 February by the Mount Lemmon Survey ten days before it passed 1.1 million miles (1.8 million km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 9,000 with an impact energy of 66,000 tons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 CT1 was discovered on 3 February by LINEAR two days before it passed 82,000 miles (133,000 km) from Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 11,000 with an impact energy of 59,000 tons TNT.

• January 2008
The 88-meter asteroid 2008 BO16 was discovered on 30 January by the Mount Lemmon Survey seven days after it had passed 10 million miles (16 million km) from Earth.

The small asteroid 2008 BC15 was discovered on 30 January by the Catalina Sky Survey one day before it passed within 184,000 miles (296,000 km) of Earth. Eventual impact probability is about one in 714,000 with an impact energy of 380,000 tons TNT.

The 250-meter asteroid 2007 TU24 discovered on 11 October 2007 by the Catalina Sky Survey passed within 345,000 miles (554,000 km) of Earth on 29 January. — full story

The small asteroid 2008 BW2 was discovered on 19 January by the Mount Lemmon Survey three days after it had passed within 222,000 miles (357,000 km) of Earth.

The 310-meter asteroid 2008 AO112 was discovered on 12 January by the Mount Lemmon Survey. Eventual impact probability is about one in 6.7 million with an impact energy of 650 megatons TNT.

The 390-meter asteroid 2008 AF4 was discovered on 10 January by LINEAR. Eventual impact probability is about one in 910,000 with an impact energy of 2,600 megatons TNT.

The small asteroid 2008 AF3 was discovered on 10 January by the Catalina Sky Survey three days before it passed within 234,000 miles (376,000 km) of Earth.

84 Potentially Hazardous Asteroids discovered in 2007
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHA) are defined as those with orbits within 4.65 million miles (7.5 million km) of Earth's orbit. Eighty-four more PHA were discovered in 2007, bringing the total to 909 known Potentially Hazardous Asteroids, more than three times those known in 2000. — full list

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Answering the question, "How much warning will we have?", David Morrison (NASA) wrote in September 1998: "With so many of even the larger NEOs remaining undiscovered, the most likely warning today would be zero — the first indication of a collision would be the flash of light and the shaking of the ground as it hit."
Our mission is to ensure that there will be advance warning of asteroid or cometary impact in time for defensive action, by helping to obtain support for astronomers worldwide in their discovery of hazardous Near–Earth Objects.

     
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